Writing Frames
Writing frames provide a language scaffold that helps support students as they write. It has been edited from mrcrammond.com
ArgumentI think that because The reasons for my thinking this are, firstly so Another reason is Moreover because These (facts / arguments / ideas) show that |
ComparisonAlthough and are both they are different in many ways. Thehas whilsthas They are also different in that Another way in which they differ is Finally |
ComparisonAlthough and are different they are alike in some interesting ways. For example they both
They are also similar in The is the same as the resembles Finally they both |
ContrastAlthough and are both they are different in many ways. (One) has whilst has They are also different in that Another way they are unalike is Finally |
DiscussionsDiscussions are written to present arguments and information from differing viewpoints before reaching a conclusion based on the evidence. A discussion usually consists of:
Discussions are usually written:
Discussions are often found in philosophical texts, history and social study texts, newspaper and editorials. |
DiscussionSome people think that because They argue that Another group who agree with this point of view are _______ They say that On the other hand ________ disagree with the idea that They claim that They also say My opinion is |
DiscussionThe issue we are discussing is whether Notes listing the arguments for and against:
My conclusion, based on the evidence, is Now use these notes to help you write a discussion paper on this issue. |
DiscussionThere is a lot of discussion about whether The people who agree with this idea, such as _______, claim that They also argue that A further point they make is However there are also strong arguments against this point of view. _________________ believe that They say that Furthermore After looking at the different points of view and the evidence for them I think because |
EnumerationI found ________ interesting for several reasons. I discovered that I also learnt It was interesting that Finally As you can see |
ExplanationsExplanations are written to explain the processes involved in phenomena or how something words. Explanation usually consists of:
Explanations are usually written:
Explanations are often found in science, geography, history and social science textbooks. |
ExplanationThere are differing explanations as to why (how, what, when etc.) One explanation is that The evidence for this is An alternative explanation is This explanation is based on Of the alternative explanations I think the most likely is |
ExplanationI want to explain why There are several reasons for this. Another reason is A further reason is So now you can see why |
InstructionsInstructions are written to describe how something should be done. Instructions usually consist of:
Instructions are usually written:
Instructions are commonly found in instruction manuals, with games, in recipe books. |
Persuasive WritingPersuasive writing is written to promote a particular point of view or argument. A piece of persuasive writing usually consists of:
Persuasive text is usually written:
Arguments are found in pamphlets and booklets produced by special interest groups, in political writing, in publicity and promotional material. |
PersuasionAlthough not every body would agree, I want to argue that I have several reasons for arguing for this point of view. A further reason is Furthermore Therefore, although some people argue that I think I have shown that |
PersuasionI would like to persuade you that There are several points I want to make to support my point of view. Firstly / To begin with
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ProcedureHow to You will need The stages 1. First you 2. Then you 3. Next 4. 5. 6. |
ProcedureHow to You will need
Do a drawing or diagram of what you are explaining:
Explain each stage: e.g. First you... Then.... Next.... Finally... |
RecountRecounts are written to retell events with the purpose of either informing or entertaining their audience. Recounts usually consist of:
Recounts are usually written:
Recounts are often found in biographies, autobiographies and history texts. |
RecountAlthough I already knew that I have learnt some new facts. I learnt that I also learnt that Another fact I learnt However the most interesting thing I learnt was |
RecountBefore I began this topic I thought that But when I read about it I found out that I also learnt that Furthermore I learnt that Finally I learnt that |
ReportsReports are written to describe the way things are. Reports usually consist of
Reports are usually written
Reports are often found in science and geography text books and in encyclopedias. |
SequenceTo begin with Next Then After that Finally Now |
Forming an opinionForming an opinion We have been discussing whether Arguments for Arguments against After looking at the arguments I think that |
Useful phrases for explaining exploratory, hypothetical and speculative talk
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Useful phrases for explaining cause and effect
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Science Prompts |
Our question asked us.... we started with... We investigated... To begin with... We were asked to find out... The question or problem... |
Method We decided to... Then we... We recorded our measurements... After that... Next we.... But afterwards... The equipment we used... |
Results The results suggest that... It is obvious... However you will notice... First of all... To make sure it was a fair test we... After discussing how to record our results, we choose... To be safe we... Then we took measurements... Carrying out the investigation... We think that these results may be because You will notice that... The pattern suggest that... There is a link between.... Analysing the data...
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If we look at the graph... Looking at the graph we noticed that... The pattern on the graph showed that... The story of our graph is... When we looked at the graph... The graph looks like this because...
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Conclusion We have found that... We would recommend... We think that the best... This is what we thought would happen but... Based on our evidence we think that... Our results suggest that... We concluded that... But of course... Conclusions and recommendations
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